Juniper Publishers Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Sciences

Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences - Juniper Publishers   Introduction Ketosis is a major metabolic disorder of dairy cattle in the United States, affecting an estimated 40% of all lactations in the industry, between clinical and subclinical cases [ 1 ]. Clinical ketosis is characterized by high levels of ketones in the blood and is manifested by lethargy and anorexia in the peri-partum dairy cow [ 2 ]. Subclinical ketosis (SCK) requires a blood, milk, or urine test to diagnose. Even though it is not outwardly noticeable, it is still estimated to cost the farmer $289/case due to both the direct and indirect costs, especially with the loss in milk yield [ 3 ]. It has been shown that ketosis and negative energy balance have negative consequences on reproduction and immune function [ 4 ]. Subclinical ketosis is often defined as blood BHB concentrations of >1.2mM/L and < 3.0 mM/L [ 1 ]. McArt et al. [ 5 ] showed that PPG h...

Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences - Juniper Publishers   Introduction Intensive and semi-intensive dairy farms invest in automatic milking systems motivated by increased milk production per goat. Milking frequency is an important factor determining milk yield and quality of dairy goats that requires adequate feeding, welfare, health and environmental conditions [ 1 ]. The potential advantage of increased milking frequency for milk production and composition used to be main reason for applying this kind of management; nowadays, however, the production model that takes priority is one known as "low cost, high return"[ 1 ]. Since more frequent milking requires more variable costs, knowledge about the real increment of production per goat under a double milking system is necessary to decide if this practice will be adequate for each dairy system. For the twice daily milking frequency, increases in milk production of 6-...

Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences - Juniper Publishers   Introduction Ayurveda being an ancient comprehensive science of holistic health care and medicine, apart from eight specialties for human health has mentioned other branches of Ayurveda like Gau-ayurveda (related to cattle), Hasty-ayurveda (related to elephant), Asva-ayurveda (related to horses), Mrig-ayurveda (related to animals), Khag-ayurveda (related to birds), Vrikshya- ayurveda (related to plants) etc. These Ayurvedic sciences were very much enriched with literature and were in practices. In the time span most of the literature and practices are almost lost and very meager are existing in some rural and tribal areas. The human health is dependent on animal health; if animal products are not up to the quality or diseased, that will affect human health. This is true for both Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian categories. It is observed that the regular or long term use of chem...

Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences - Juniper Publishers   Introduction Health benefits imparted by probitoics and their roles in maintaining health and disease prevention has been an area of extensive research in the past few decades. Some of the commonly used probiotics include Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. reuteri, Bacillus coagulans, E. coli Nissle 1917, some enterococci and yeasts like Saccharomyces boulardii etc. Pandey et al. [ 1 ] have reviewed the major health benefits (and their probable mechanisms of action) ranging from diarrhea to cancer prevention etc. One of the nastiest technological problems probiotic fermentation industries face is loss of viable cell count during harsh processing conditions. Spore forming Bacillus probiotics remain in huge demand due to their ability to withstand the stringent processing conditions. One of the sturdiest probiotics is B. coagulans Bacillus coagul...

Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences - Juniper Publishers     Introduction Tuberculosis is a serious infection in bovine, usually of the lungs, caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium bovis. This is a serious public health problem in many regions of the world, including Southeast Asia and Africa. A Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) skin test is a test that determines if Bovine suffers from Tuberculosis (TB). When TB infects Animal body, it becomes extra sensitive to certain elements of the bacteria, such as the purified protein derivative. A PPD test checks Bovine body’s current sensitivity, which will tell whether or not Bovine have TB [ 1 ]. Bovine tuberculosis infection in cattle is usually diagnosed in the live animal on the basis of delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Infection is often subclinical; when present, clinical signs are not specifically distinctive and can include weakness, anorexia, emaciation, dyspnoe...