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The Ethogram: Quantifying the Behavioral Picture and Justifying the Severity of Diseases-Juniper Publishers

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Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences - Juniper Publishers     Introduction Ethogram is an expression of behavior in an objective rather than subjective way [ 1 , 2 ]. The digital value for a prepared ethogram is considered acute edge for different forms of a specific disease (from per-acuteness to chronicity). This opinion is focusing on the necessity of preparing an ethogram for the behavior of animal and birds in health (e.g. comfort behaviors) and diseases [ 2 ]. We will emphasize the customized ethogram in experimentally-induced infected animal or natural diseases or affections. In addition, ethogram can be used in detection of different forms of abnormal behaviors such as stereo types [ 3 ]. Many reports referredto several diseasesthat can be diagnosed by their behavioral picture e.g. Milk fever, Nymphomania [ 4 ]. We characterized the range of observed behaviors. The best way to generalize is to summarize the average of beha...
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Histopathology in Bovine Rotavirus (Type A) Infected Calves and Its Confirmation by ELISA and RT-PCR-Juniper Publishers

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JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF DAIRY & VETERINARY SCIENCES Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the pathology of bovine rotavirus A infection in dead calves with the history of diarrhea. The cases were further confirmed by ELISA and RT-PCR. A total of 7 dead calves were examined by recommended post mortem techniques followed by confirmatory diagnostic tools. Four calves were found positive by both ELISA and RT-PCR assays. Grossly, no characteristic pathological lesions were observed except congestion in small intestine. The characteristic histopathological lesions were observed mainly in jejunum, ileum, Peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymphnode. Blunting of villi, lymphocytic infiltration, intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion body, nuclear degradation and syncytia formation were observed under the microscope with different magnification. However, observation of pathological changes is important for identification rotaviral infec...
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Effect of Linseed Meal on Broiler Performance and Fat Content-Juniper Publishers

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JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF DAIRY & VETERINARY SCIENCES Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum level of linseed meal in broiler ration. For this purpose 200 day old chicks were reared for 42 days and were divided into five equal groups and fed 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of linseed meal, respectively. All these rations were treated with water at 37 °C for 24 hours to reduce the cyanide toxicity. The following observation were recorded which are given below; weight gain at 42 days, feed consumption at 42 days, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), carcass weight, weight of giblets, economic. Results revealed significant differences (P>0.05) for weight again among different groups. The total weight gains of the groups A, B, C, D and E were 1801, 1830, 1875, 1903 and 1872g, respectively. Group D was significantly heavier than all the other groups. Total feed consumption in group A, B, C, D and E showed significantly greater difference. Tot...
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