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The Ethogram: Quantifying the Behavioral Picture and Justifying the Severity of Diseases-Juniper Publishers

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Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences - Juniper Publishers     Introduction Ethogram is an expression of behavior in an objective rather than subjective way [ 1 , 2 ]. The digital value for a prepared ethogram is considered acute edge for different forms of a specific disease (from per-acuteness to chronicity). This opinion is focusing on the necessity of preparing an ethogram for the behavior of animal and birds in health (e.g. comfort behaviors) and diseases [ 2 ]. We will emphasize the customized ethogram in experimentally-induced infected animal or natural diseases or affections. In addition, ethogram can be used in detection of different forms of abnormal behaviors such as stereo types [ 3 ]. Many reports referredto several diseasesthat can be diagnosed by their behavioral picture e.g. Milk fever, Nymphomania [ 4 ]. We characterized the range of observed behaviors. The best way to generalize is to summarize the average of beha...
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Histopathology in Bovine Rotavirus (Type A) Infected Calves and Its Confirmation by ELISA and RT-PCR-Juniper Publishers

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JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF DAIRY & VETERINARY SCIENCES Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the pathology of bovine rotavirus A infection in dead calves with the history of diarrhea. The cases were further confirmed by ELISA and RT-PCR. A total of 7 dead calves were examined by recommended post mortem techniques followed by confirmatory diagnostic tools. Four calves were found positive by both ELISA and RT-PCR assays. Grossly, no characteristic pathological lesions were observed except congestion in small intestine. The characteristic histopathological lesions were observed mainly in jejunum, ileum, Peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymphnode. Blunting of villi, lymphocytic infiltration, intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion body, nuclear degradation and syncytia formation were observed under the microscope with different magnification. However, observation of pathological changes is important for identification rotaviral infec...
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Ocimum Sanctum, as Growth Promoter in Poultry-Juniper Publishers

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JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF DAIRY & VETERINARY SCIENCES Abstract The present mini review is based on the study of effect of Ocimum sanctum leaves powder/extract on body weight when supplemented to broiler chicken in feed/water. O. sanctum belongs to family lamiaceace and contains compounds such as carnosol, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, eugenol, cirsilineol and cirsimaritin which are known to possess antioxidant properties. The reduced oxidative stress due to supplementation of this plant to broilers is found to enhance the growth rate and thus result in higher body weight. Keywords: Ocimum sanctum; Tulsi; Body weight; Growth; Broilers; Chicken Introduction Poultry farming is done at large scale throughout the world. They are raised for food both meat and eggs and are a source of income for a large part of our community. Growth and health are major concern in poultry farming. The motive of...
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