Juniper Publishers Journal of Dairy and Veterinary Sciences

Effects of Prolonged Consumption of Water with Elevated Nitrate Levels on Certain Blood Serum Trace and Macro Elements of Dairy Cattle and Use of Clinoptilolite for their Amelioration Authored by Katsoulos PD Elevated levels of nitrates in feed and water can pose a significant risk for dairy cattle, due to their cumulative action. The effect of prolonged consumption of water naturally contaminated with nitrates on the serum concentrations of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) was investigated at the present study. Concurrently, it was evaluated whether the combination of in-feed inclusion of clinoptilolite and of consumption of water naturally contaminated with nitrates, could have any effect on these elements. Two experiments were run simultaneously in two farms each. In the first trial (Trial 1), farm 1 and farm 2 were assigned into two groups according to the nitrate levels in the borehole water. The first group (n...

Towards a Sustainable Reproductive Sheep Management: Use of Photoperiod-Treated Rams to Increase Lamb Production in an Organic Farm Authored by José-Alfonso Abecia The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of the exposure of 45 days of long days without exogenous melatonin, on the results of a ram effect in June in a Churra sheep organic farm. Eight rams were divided into two groups, so that half of them exposed to 45 days of long days (16 h of light/day) from 15 Apr to 31 May (Artificial photoperiod, AP rams), and the remaining rams were under the natural photoperiodic conditions (NP rams). On 15 June, rams were introduced in two groups of ewes, which had previously been isolated from rams: AP-group (n=72), mated with AP rams, and NP-group (n=72), mated with NP rams. Proportion of ewes pregnant (fertility) was significantly higher in the AP-group of ewes (68%), compared with the NP-group (42%) (P<0.001). No differences between groups were observe...

The Mediterranean Buffalo: an Under Estimated Dairy Ruminant Species  Authored by Paolo Ciaramella Mediterranean buffalo’s (MB) milk production represents one of the most important Italian rural economies and assets. The economic activities linked with buffalo milk and mozzarella cheese, represent the 4° food-economy for sales volume in the entire country (more of 320 million of euro and more of 15000 workers) being widely sold all over the Europe. To Read more.. Fulltext in Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences in Juniper Publishers  

Impact of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) on Ruminal Microbiome, Lipopolysaccharide and Bioamine and Rumen Epithelial Health of Dairy Cows Authored by Shengyong Mao Maximizing milk yield without impairing host health is a great challenge for dairy industry. However, the high concentrate feeding often unavoidably increases the risk of Sub acuteruminal acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows, characterized by periodic episodes of low ruminal pH. The economic costs caused by SARA are enormous, while its pathogenesis is not very clear. As the first and the main digestive compartment, the rumen health during SARA has received much research effort in recent years. There are increasing evidences showing that the effects of SARA on rumen are multifaceted and detrimental. To address this issue, this review summarized the impact of SARA induced by high-concentrate feeding on gastrointestinal microbiota, ruminal fermentation, and its role in damage to the ruminal epithelium and host f...

Spread of Infectious Diseases and Socio-Cultural Factors in Developing Countries Authored by Hiroichi Kono This article aims to discuss the social factors associated with brucellosis and African swine fever (ASF) in Sri Lanka and Madagascar, respectively. In 2016, cross-sectional surveys were conducted in both countries. On the basis of the results of these surveys, we describe how brucellosis is more prevalent in certain ethnicities than others in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, in Madagascar, fihavanana, a social norm, encourages farmers to buy ASF-contaminated meat, resulting in ASF spread during outbreaks. It can be concluded that farmers’ socio-cultural behavior is one of the main reasons for the spread of animal diseases, and this should be taken into consideration when formulating disease control strategies. To Read more.. Fulltext in Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences in Juniper Publishers

The Effect of Early Postpartum oral Drench Solution on Blood Β-Hydroxybutyrate Concentration, Milk Yield, and Milk Composition in Holstein Cows Authored by Felipe C Cardoso The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of oral drench solution on blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration, milk yield, and milk composition of Holstein cows. Primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows (n=129) on commercial farms in southern Brazil were blocked by parity and calving season. Cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) Control (40 L of water) and 2) Drench (40 L of water containing propylene glycol, rumen-protected choline, and minerals). Treatments were administered immediately after calving and 24 hours later. Cows were fed total mixed rations and milked twice daily. Body condition score (BCS) was assessed weekly. Blood BHBA concentration was measured twice weekly. Concentrations of BHBA were lower (P=0.05) in drench than control cows, 0.93 and ...

Report on Isolation and Identification of Brucella Abortus from Aborted Foetus and Lymph Nodes of Beef Cattle in Malaysia   Authored by Zainor M Khairani-Bejo S Isolation of living brucellae from tissues or organs such as aborted foetus and lymph nodes has traditionally provided the most accurate method for the detection of Brucella infection. The inoculated medium was incubated at 37 °C for 7 days with 10% CO2. Bacterial colonies growth on the agar was examined. The bacterial cells were stained with Gram-staining and Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining methods and later were examined under microscope to determine their cell morphology. Biochemical tests were performed to complete the phenotypic and metabolic characterisation of the isolates. Brucella abortus were isolated from stomach content, lung and cotyledon of the aborted foetus; and supramammary and internal iliac lymph nodes of aborted cattle. Histopathological examination of lymph nodes found the infiltr...